Ocular diseases seriously affect patients' vision and life quality, with a global morbidity of
over 43 million blindness. However, efficient drug delivery to treat ocular diseases …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in
the developed world. The identification of the central role of vascular endothelial growth …

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a clinically complex and heterogenous group of visual
impairment phenotypes caused by pathogenic variants in at least 277 nuclear and …

The eye is regarded as an immune privileged site. Since the presence of a vasculature
would impair vision, the vasculature of the eye is located outside of the central light path. As …

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases characterized by
progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptors leading to progressive visual decline. It …

The retina, owing to its cellular anatomy and physical location, is susceptible to generating
reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are associated with several major retinal diseases …

Since long before the first approval of gene therapy for retinal disease, ocular gene therapy
has captured the hopes of patients, clinicians, and scientists alike. Indeed, the retina …

Caspase-9, a cysteine-aspartic protease known for its role as an initiator of intrinsic
apoptosis, regulates physiological cell death and pathological tissue degeneration. Its …

Retinal gene therapy has had unprecedented success in generating treatments that can halt
vision loss. However, immunogenic response and long-term toxicity with the use of viral …

In recent years, many promising nanotechnological approaches to biomedical research
have been developed in order to increase implementation of regenerative medicine and …