Deep-ocean polymetallic nodules form on or just below the vast, sediment-covered, abyssal
plains of the global ocean. Polymetallic nodules primarily consist of precipitated iron …

Mineral systems with their core of ore deposits require a rare conjunction of geodynamic
settings, crustal or lithospheric fertility, crustal architecture and suitable host rocks, and …

Marine minerals such as manganese nodules, Co-rich ferromanganese crusts, and seafloor
massive sulfides are commonly seen as possible future resources that could potentially add …

Manganese nodules occur as two-dimensional deposits in abyssal plains of all major
oceans. In the Clarion-Clipperton Zone of the northeast equatorial Pacific alone, the amount …

Ferromanganese nodules are huge metal resources and windows into Earth processes,
being widely distributed in vast deep-sea basins covered by sediments. Co-rich …

The increasing demand of different essential metals as a consequence of the development
of new technologies, especially in the so called “low carbon technologies” require the …

Mankind's quest for exploration has led him to traverse from the vast expanse of outer space
down to the deepest parts of the oceans. One such discovery in the later part of the …

Ferromanganese nodules in the northwestern Pacific are newly discovered submarine solid
mineral resources with high economic value. To systematically ascertain the metallogenesis …

Progress towards deep sea mining (DSM) is driven by projected demands for metals and the
desire for economic development. DSM remains controversial, with some political leaders …

Deep‐sea mining refers to the retrieval of marine mineral resources such as Mn nodules,
FeMn crusts, and seafloor massive sulfide deposits, which contain a variety of metals that …