In the long-term, with progression of the illness, Parkinson's disease dementia affects up to
90% of patients with Parkinson's disease. With increasing life expectancy in western …

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a heterogeneous brain structure that serves a central
role in motivation and reward processing. Abnormalities in the function of VTA dopamine …

Extensive studies showed that monoaminergic neurotransmission that involves serotonin (5-
HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) exerts major influence on brain circuits …

Recent behavioral studies in both humans and rodents have found evidence that
performance in decision-making tasks depends on two different learning processes; one …

BACKGROUND: Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder is a prevalent and
debilitating condition. Deep brain stimulation to different targets has been proposed as a …

A study that goes beyond the debate over functional specialization to describe the ways that
emotion and cognition interact and are integrated in the brain. The idea that a specific brain …

For over three decades, Allan N. Schore has authored numerous volumes, chapters, and
articles on regulation theory, a biopsychosocial model of the development …

Before the onset of locomotion, the hippocampus undergoes a transition into an activity-state
specialized for the processing of spatially related input. This brain-state transition is …

Positive affect systematically influences performance on many cognitive tasks. A new
neuropsychological theory is proposed that accounts for many of these effects by assuming …

The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by
endogenous opioid peptides processed from three protein precursors, proopiomelanocortin …