Separation processes play a remarkable role in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries,
where they account for 40− 70% of both capital and operating costs. 1 Organic syntheses in …

Nanofiltration membranes (NF) have applications in several areas. One of the main
applications has been in watertreatment for drinking water production as well as wastewater …

Various ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes were characterized by solute transport
and also by atomic force microscope (AFM). The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the …

Fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) membranes by proteins is a major
challenge in the bioprocessing and dairy industries, as well as in surface and wastewater …

This review highlights various aspects of current palladium membrane research and serves
as a comprehensive bibliography covering palladium membrane preparation methods and …

Characterization of protein-fouled membranes is crucial to understand the fouling
mechanisms and optimization of fouling control and cleaning. This paper reviews current …

A great number of studies have been carried out to obtain a better understanding of
membrane fouling so as to be able to limit its effects. The parameters studied are many and …

Atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopes have been used to investigate the surface
of polymeric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes. The atomic force microscope has …

In the last 20 years, the development of scanning probe microscopies (SPM), and
particularly of scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopies (STM/AFM), has made it …

Non-contact atomic force microscopy has been used to investigate the surface pore structure
of Cyclopore and Anopore microfiltration membranes in air. Three Cyclopore membranes …