Plastids and mitochondria each arose from a single endosymbiotic event and share many
similarities in how they were reduced and integrated with their host. However, the …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is the principal producer of both oxygen and organic matter on
earth. The primary step in this process—the conversion of sunlight into chemical energy—is …

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) was identified nearly 80 years ago as the anti-pernicious anaemia
factor in liver, and its importance in human health and disease has resulted in much work on …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is the principal producer of both oxygen and organic matter on
Earth. The conversion of sunlight into chemical energy is driven by two multisubunit …

Chloroplasts are cytoplasmic organelles and the sites of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells.
Advances in structural biology and comparative genomics allow us to identify individual …

Microalgae and the associated biomass have been advocated for various eco-friendly
applications. Although, microalgae are a good source of biofuels, metabolites, and value …

By synthesizing data from individual gene phylogenies, large concatenated gene trees, and
other kinds of molecular, morphological, and biochemical markers, we begin to see the …

All higher organisms on Earth receive energy directly or indirectly from oxygenic
photosynthesis performed by plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. Photosystem I (PSI) is …

The most widely distributed dinoflagellate plastid contains chlorophyll c 2 and peridinin as
the major carotenoid. A second plastid type, found in taxa such as Karlodinium micrum and …

In this paper, we focus on dinoflagellate ecology, toxin production, fossil record, and a
molecular phylogenetic analysis of hosts and plastids. Of ecological interest are the …