Water, a necessary component of cell protoplasm, plays an essential role in supporting life
on Earth; nevertheless, extreme changes in climatic conditions limit water availability …

Phytohormones (PHs) play crucial role in regulation of various physiological and
biochemical processes that govern plant growth and yield under optimal and stress …

Wheat constitutes pivotal position for ensuring food and nutritional security; however, rapidly
rising soil and water salinity pose a serious threat to its production globally. Salinity stress …

Throughout their life cycle, plants encounter a myriad of challenges arising from both abiotic
and biotic stresses, which significantly impact crop yield and nutritional content. In natural …

The agricultural sector is facing numerous challenges worldwide, owing to global climate
change and limited resources. Crop production is limited by numerous abiotic constraints …

Plant growth regulators are naturally biosynthesized chemicals in plants that influence
physiological processes. Their synthetic analogous trigger numerous biochemical and …

Among the biotic and abiotic stress affecting the physical, chemical, and biological
properties of soil, salinity is a major threat that leads to the desertification of cultivable land …

Soil salinity negatively affects plant growth and leads to soil degradation. Saline lands result
in low agricultural productivity, affecting the well-being of farmers and the economic situation …

Salinity is one of the most threatening abiotic stresses to agricultural production, alarmingly
expanding both through natural salinization phenomena and anthropogenic activities in …

Despite significant progress in increasing agricultural production, meeting the changing
dietary preferences and increasing food demands of future populations remains a significant …