The 20th century's robotic systems have been made from stiff materials, and much of the
developments have pursued ever more accurate and dynamic robots, which thrive in …

This article reviews soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) that are manufactured entirely via
additive manufacturing methods. These actuators are known as four-dimensional (4D) …

Robotic hands with tactile perception can perform more advanced and safer operations,
such as material recognition. Nanowires with high sensitivity, fast response, and low power …

Piezoresistive strain sensors dominate the field of soft elastomer sensors, with many
interesting findings and applications. Nevertheless, the methods of characterizing the …

This study aims to investigate the effects of various design parameters on the actuation
performance of a pneumatic network actuator (PNA), optimise its structure using the finite …

Combining conductive fillers like carbon black with elastomers allows the development of
soft elastomer strain sensors that can reach very large elongations, an important …

Pneumatic soft actuators are widely studied in soft robotics. However, they are difficult to be
used in underwater systems because of air supply and their large air compressor. The …

Soft pneumatic robotic grippers can be used to conduct a wide range of tasks in extreme
environments as they are generally free of conductive or magnetic components. But the …

In new-generation soft robots, the actuation performance can be increased by using multiple
materials in the actuator designs. However, the lifetime of these actuators is often limited due …

Soft robotics has proven the capability of robots interacting with their environments including
humans by taking advantage of the property of high compliance in recent years. Soft …