Understanding the mechanisms controlling community diversity, functions, succession, and
biogeography is a central, but poorly understood, topic in ecology, particularly in microbial …

Many important questions in ecology and evolutionary biology can only be answered with
data that extend over several decades and answering a substantial proportion of questions …

A central current debate in community ecology concerns the relative importance of
deterministic versus stochastic processes underlying community structure. However, the …

Vertebrate immune systems suppress viral infection using both innate restriction factors and
adaptive immunity. Viruses mutate to escape these defenses, driving hosts to counterevolve …

Similar traits and functions commonly evolve in nature. Here, we explore patterns of
replicated evolution across the plant kingdom and discuss the processes responsible for …

Phenotypic plasticity plays a key role in modulating how environmental variation influences
population dynamics, but we have only rudimentary understanding of how plasticity interacts …

Parallel phenotypic diversification in closely related species is a rigorous framework for
testing the role of natural selection in evolution. Do parallel phenotypes always diversify by …

The plethora of biological functions that sustain life is rooted in the remarkable evolvability of
proteins. An emerging view highlights the importance of a protein's initial state in dictating …

Empirical studies of sexual traits continue to generate conflicting results, leading to a
growing awareness that the current understanding of this topic is limited. Here we argue that …

Fitness is a central concept in evolutionary biology, but there is no unified definition. We
review recent theoretical developments showing that including fluctuating environments and …