This review examines the role of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and
halogen RHS) on innate immunity. The importance of these species in innate immunity was …

Innate immunity is a semi‐specific and widely distributed form of immunity, which represents
the first line of defence against pathogens. This type of immunity is critical to maintain …

Research on the thermal ecology and physiology of free‐living organisms is accelerating as
scientists and managers recognize the urgency of the global biodiversity crisis brought on by …

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, which is initiated by
the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous …

Host responses against invading pathogens are basic physiological reactions of all living
organisms. Since the appearance of the first eukaryotic cells, a series of defense …

The skin is the largest organ of the mammalian body. The outermost layer of mammalian
skin, the stratum corneum (SC) of the epidermis, consists of piles of dead corneocytes that …

Since 2006, there has been a marked increase in the number of reports of severe and often
fatal fungal skin infections in wild snakes in the eastern USA. The emerging condition …

Background We describe the genome of the western painted turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii,
one of the most widespread, abundant, and well-studied turtles. We place the genome into a …

Animals maintain complex associations with a diverse microbiota living in their guts. Our
understanding of the ecology of these associations is extremely limited in reptiles. Here, we …

The skin is a barrier between the internal and external environment of an organism.
Depending on the species, it participates in multiple functions. The skin is the organ that …