The development of genetic sex determination and cytologically distinct sex chromosomes
leads to the potential problem of gene dosage imbalances between autosomes and sex …

Sex is prevalent in nature and sex determination is one of the most fundamental biological
processes, while the way of initiating female and male development exhibits remarkable …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis
and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination …

Differentiated sex chromosomes in mammals and other vertebrates evolved independently
but in strikingly similar ways. Vertebrates with differentiated sex chromosomes share the …

Sex-determining region Y (Sry) is the crucial gene that initiates male sex determination in
most mammals. Although several components of the pathway regulating sexual …

Humans, mice, and even kangaroos have an XX female: XY male system of sex
determination, in which the Y harbors a male-dominant sex-determining gene SRY. Birds …

Diverse sex-chromosome systems are found in vertebrates, particularly in teleost fishes,
where different systems can be found in closely related species. Several mechanisms have …

The molecular genetic mechanisms of sex determination are not known for most vertebrates,
including zebrafish. We identified a mutation in the zebrafish fancl gene that causes …

It is now well established that plants have an important place in studies of sex chromosome
evolution because of the repeated independent evolution of separate sexes and sex …

Sex determination occurs early during embryogenesis among vertebrates. It involves the
differentiation of the bipotential gonad to ovaries or testes by a fascinating diversity of …