The exponential growth of research on artificial cells and organelles underscores their
potential as tools to advance the understanding of fundamental biological processes. The …

Therapeutics based on proteins and peptides have profoundly transformed the landscape of
treatment for diseases, from diabetes mellitus to cancers, yet the short half-life and low …

The intricate nature of eukaryotic cells with intracellular compartments having differences in
component concentration and viscosity in their lumen provides (membrane‐active) enzymes …

Polymer-based biomaterials have received a lot of attention due to their biomedical,
agricultural, and industrial potential. Soluble protein–polymer bioconjugates, immobilized …

Self-assembly of amphiphilic block-copolymers into polymersomes is a well-established
concept. In this membrane, the hydrophilic part is considered to be loosely assembled …

The fundamental building block of living organisms is the cell, which is the universal
biological base of all living entities. This micrometric mass of cytoplasm and the membrane …

In the rapidly advancing field of medical microrobotics, designing robots capable of
addressing various challenges—such as imaging, biodegradation, and multifunctionality—is …

Compartmentalized delivery systems can achieve simultaneous encapsulation of multiple
guest cargos in independent spaces and are becoming a topic of tremendous interest in …

The structure–function characteristics of isolated artificial organelles (AOs) in protocells are
mainly known, but there are few reports on clustered or aggregated AOs. To imitate µm …

Polymeric vesicles are perspective vehicles for fabricating enzymatic nanoreactors towards
diverse biomedical and catalytic applications, yet the design of stable and permeable …