It is increasingly evident that metabolites suffer various kinds of damage, that such damage
happens in all organisms and that cells have dedicated systems for damage repair and …

The great recent progress made in identifying the molecular parts lists of organisms
revealed the paucity of our understanding of what most of the parts do. In this review, we …

Abstract Information about microbial functionality in agricultural soils is still scarce, and in
this study we used a shotgun metagenomic approach to compare different soil [conventional …

The post-genomic era has provided researchers with a deluge of protein sequences.
However, a significant fraction of the proteins encoded by sequenced genomes remains …

The tRNA modification field has a rich literature covering biochemical analysis going back
more than 40 years, but many of the corresponding genes were only identified in the last …

Microbial communities play a major role in the degradation of soil organic matter (SOM) in
soils. Despite its significance, the functional diversity of the highly diverse microbial …

Threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6 A) is a modified nucleoside universally conserved in t RNA
s in all three kingdoms of life. The recently discovered genes for t6 A synthesis, including tsa …

The soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica are an extreme polar desert, inhabited
exclusively by microscopic taxa. This region is on the threshold of anticipated climate …

Gene duplication followed by mutation is a classic mechanism of neofunctionalization,
producing gene families with functional diversity. In some cases, a single point mutation is …

Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has become a powerful tool for the detection of
metabolites in complex biological systems and for the identification of novel metabolites. We …