Bit coin has emerged as the most successful cryptographic currency in history. Within two
years of its quiet launch in 2009, Bit coin grew to comprise billions of dollars of economic …

We present a methodology to construct preprocessing zkSNARKs where the structured
reference string (SRS) is universal and updatable. This exploits a novel use of holography …

Ever since their introduction, zero-knowledge proofs have become an important tool for
addressing privacy and scalability concerns in a variety of applications. In many systems …

We design, implement, and evaluate a zero knowledge succinct non-interactive argument
(SNARG) for Rank-1 Constraint Satisfaction (R1CS), a widely-deployed NP language …

Emerging smart contract systems over decentralized cryptocurrencies allow mutually
distrustful parties to transact safely without trusted third parties. In the event of contractual …

One of the approaches to constructing zero knowledge (ZK) arguments relies on “PCP
techniques” that date back to influential works from the early 1990's Babai et al., Arora et al …

We present a new methodology to efficiently realize recursive composition of succinct non-
interactive arguments of knowledge (SNARKs). Prior to this work, the only known …

Important decisions about people are increasingly made by algorithms: Votes are counted;
voter rolls are purged; financial aid decisions are made; taxpayers are chosen for audits; air …

Scalability and privacy are two challenges for today's blockchain systems. Processing
transactions at every node in the system limits the system's ability to scale. Furthermore, the …

Frequently, users on the web need to show that they are, for example, not a robot, old
enough to access an age restricted video, or eligible to download an ebook from their local …