▪ Abstract Focal adhesions are sites of tight adhesion to the underlying extracellular matrix
developed by cells in culture. They provide a structural link between the actin cytoskeleton …

Background A variety of mutations in the largest human gene, dystrophin, cause a spectrum
from mild to severe dystrophin-associated muscular dystrophies. Duchenne (DMD) and …

Understanding gene function and regulation in homeostasis and disease requires
knowledge of the cellular and tissue contexts in which genes are expressed. Here, we …

The protein dystrophin, normally found on the cytoplasmic surface of skeletal muscle cell
membranes, is absent in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy as well as mdx (X …

The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex was tested for interaction with several components of
the extracellular matrix as well as actin. The 156-kD dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (156 …

The X-linked muscle-wasting disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations
in the gene encoding dystrophin. There is currently no effective treatment for the disease; …

The dystrophin complex stabilizes the plasma membrane of striated muscle cells. Loss of
function mutations in the genes encoding dystrophin, or the associated proteins, triggers …

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a highly specialized synapse between a motor neuron
nerve terminal and its muscle fiber that are responsible for converting electrical impulses …

The neuromuscular junction is the chemical synapse between motor neurons and skeletal
muscle fibers. It is designed to reliably convert the action potential from the presynaptic …

Positional information is pivotal for establishing developmental patterning in plants,,, but little
is known about the underlying signalling mechanisms. The Arabidopsis root radial pattern is …