Due to the intrinsic non-invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, high safety, and real-time
capabilities, besides diagnostic imaging, ultrasound as a typical mechanical wave has been …

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological
studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research …

Hydrogels are polymer networks infiltrated with water. Many biological hydrogels in animal
bodies such as muscles, heart valves, cartilages, and tendons possess extreme mechanical …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to human health that, by 2050,
will lead to more deaths from bacterial infections than cancer. New antimicrobial agents …

Solid organs transport fluids through distinct vascular networks that are biophysically and
biochemically entangled, creating complex three-dimensional (3D) transport regimes that …

Hydrogel plays a vital role in cell-laden three dimensional (3D) bioprinting, whereas those
hydrogels mimic the physical and biochemical characteristics of native extracellular matrix …

Hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical fields due to their similar physical
and biochemical properties to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen and hyaluronic acid …

Tissue and organ biology are very challenging to study in mammals, and progress can be
hindered, particularly in humans, by sample accessibility and ethical concerns. However …

Hydrogel scaffolds that can repair or regrow damaged biological tissue have great potential
for the treatment of injury and disease. These biomaterials are widely used in the tissue …

Hydrogels are the most relevant biochemical scaffold due to their tunable properties,
inherent biocompatibility, and similarity with tissue and cell environments. Over the past …