Forest restoration is being scaled up globally to deliver critical ecosystem services and
biodiversity benefits; however, there is a lack of rigorous comparison of cobenefit delivery …

Land-use transitions can enhance the livelihoods of smallholder farmers but potential
economic-ecological trade-offs remain poorly understood. Here, we present an …

Tropical forests modify the conditions they depend on through feedbacks at different spatial
scales. These feedbacks shape the hysteresis (history-dependence) of tropical forests, thus …

The expansion of the oil palm industry in Indonesia has improved livelihoods in rural
communities, but comes at the cost of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. Here, we …

Global demand for vegetable oil and high oil palm yield have driven the rapid expansion of
oil palm plantations in tropical countries. The research literature widely recognizes the …

The rapid expansion of rubber and oil palm plantations in Jambi Province, Sumatra,
Indonesia, is associated with largescale deforestation and the impairment of many …

Parasitoid wasps affect herbivory in natural and agricultural ecosystems, including cash
crops. The impacts of rainforest transformation to rubber and oil palm on parasitoid wasp …

Metrics of hydrological mimicry ('mimetrics') reflect similarity in ecological structure and/or
functions between managed and natural ecosystems. Only the land-surface parts of …

Agroforestry options such as mixed-species tree planting and natural regeneration in oil
palm plantations may alleviate negative effects of forest loss on biodiversity and ecosystem …

Oil palm plantations are rapidly expanding in the Brazilian eastern Amazon. Further
expansion of irrigated oil palm plantations may occur because they may improve productivity …