The effect of increased populations concentrated in urban areas, coupled with the ongoing
threat of climate change, means that society is becoming increasingly vulnerable to the …

Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4-
11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …

In this paper, we review the use of satellite-based remote sensing in combination with in situ
data to inform Earth surface modelling. This involves verification and optimization methods …

Year-to-year changes in carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems have an essential role in
determining atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. It remains uncertain to what extent …

Although the terrestrial biosphere absorbs about 25 per cent of anthropogenic carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions, the rate of land carbon uptake remains highly uncertain, leading to …

Global warming alters surface water availability (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, P–
E) and hence freshwater resources. However, the influence of land–atmosphere feedbacks …

Compound extremes such as cooccurring soil drought (low soil moisture) and atmospheric
aridity (high vapor pressure deficit) can be disastrous for natural and societal systems. Soil …

This paper presents projections of climate extremes over China under global warming of 1.5,
2, and 3° C above pre-industrial (1861–1900), based on the latest Coupled Model …

The recent dry and warm years in Europe are often assessed as extreme in terms of socio-
economic and environmental losses. However, the impact of a drought is a function of its …

Using a non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value statistical method, we calculate selected
extreme daily temperature and precipitation indices and their 20 year return values from the …