Abstract The Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, is a new NASA Explorer mission
that will explore the boundary between Earth and space to understand the physical …

Space Weather is the portion of space physics that has a direct effect on humankind. Space
Weather is an old branch of space physics that originates back to 1808 with the publication …

We present the first multi‐instrumental results on the ionospheric response to the
geomagnetic storm of 17–18 March 2015 (the St. Patrick's Day storm) that was up to now the …

Abstract Following the 2022 Tonga Volcano eruption, dramatic suppression and deformation
of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests occurred in the American sector∼ 14,000 …

We demonstrate extreme ionospheric response to the large interplanetary electric fields
during the “Halloween” storms that occurred on October 29 and 30, 2003. Within a few (2–5) …

We explore the ionospheric effects of prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs) for a variety
of interplanetary magnetic field directions. We use the great magnetic storm of 30–31 …

A physical mechanism of the positive ionospheric storms at low latitudes and midlatitudes is
presented through multi‐instrument observations, theoretical modeling, and basic principles …

During the storm on 3 and 4 November 2021, the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb
and Disk (GOLD) mission observed well separated equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) …

Major geomagnetic storms are caused by unusually intense solar wind southward magnetic
fields that im**e upon the Earth's magnetosphere (Dungey, 1961). How can we predict the …

The recent superstorm of 2024 May 10–11 is the second largest geomagnetic storm in the
space age and the only one that has simultaneous interplanetary data (there were no …