Retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma,
diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and …

Purpose: To determine if bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) small extracellular vesicles
(sEV) promote retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neuroprotection in the genetic DBA/2J mouse …

Arf-like protein 3 (ARL3) is a ubiquitous small GTPase expressed in ciliated cells of plants
and animals. Germline deletion of Arl3 in mice causes multiorgan ciliopathy reminiscent of …

Processing of visual information begins in the retina, with photoreceptors converting light
stimuli into neural signals. Ultimately, signals are transmitted to the brain through signaling …

Purpose.: The DBA/2J mouse line develops essential iris atrophy, pigment dispersion, and
glaucomatous age-related changes, including an increase of IOP, optic nerve atrophy, and …

Stargardt type 3 (STGD3) disease is a juvenile macular dystrophy caused by mutations in
the ELOVL4 (Elongation of very long chain fatty acids 4) gene. Its protein product, ELOVL4 …

Although elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and age are major risk factors for glaucoma,
their effects on glaucoma pathogenesis remain unclear. This study examined the onset and …

Full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) are used to objectively assess the mass function of the
retina, whereas focal ERGs are used to evaluate the focal retinal function. The purpose of …

Recent technological development requires new approaches to address the problem of
blindness. Such approaches need to be able to ensure that no cells with photosensitive …

Key points• Light closes cyclic nucleotide‐gated and voltage operated calcium channels in
vertebrate rod photoreceptors, resulting in a decrease in the intracellular calcium …