Abstract Purpose of Review Substantial advancements have been made in the cause,
diagnosis, imaging, and treatment options available for patients with lumbar disc herniation …

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major cause of low back pain. Despite its long history
and large socio-economical impact in western societies, the initiation and progress of disc …

Purpose To present the pathophysiology, biology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and
current treatment options for lumbar disc herniation. Methods A thorough literature search …

Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, as a leading cause of low back pain, productivity loss,
and disability, is a common musculoskeletal disorder that results in significant …

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a medical imaging technique that combines
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with mechanical vibrations to generate maps of …

Intervertebral discs (IVDs) are often referred to as the largest avascular structures of the
human body, yet a collective resource characterizing the vascularization of the IVD does not …

Today, the application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes to
treat degenerative diseases has received attention. Due to the characteristics of these cells …

Study Design. Cross-sectional study of spine magnetic resonance in a population,
predominantly female, sample. Objective. To determine the relationship between vertebral …

This review suggests why some discs degenerate rather than age normally. Intervertebral
discs are avascular pads of fibrocartilage that allow movement between vertebral bodies …

Nerves and blood vessels are found in the peripheral annulus and endplates of healthy
adult intervertebral discs. Degenerative changes can allow these vessels to grow inwards …