Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) occurs when the environment experienced by a parent
influences the development of their offspring. In this article, we develop a framework for …

The consequences of early developmental conditions for performance in later life are now
subjected to convergent interest from many different biological sub-disciplines. However …

Conditions fish encounter during embryogenesis and early life history can leave lasting
effects not only on morphology, but also on growth rate, life‐history and behavioural traits …

Abstract Development in many organisms appears to show evidence of sensitive windows—
periods or stages in ontogeny in which individual experience has a particularly strong …

There is growing evidence that maternal experience influences offspring via non-genetic
mechanisms. When female three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were …

Our ability to predict how species will respond to human-induced rapid environmental
change (HIREC) may depend upon our understanding of transgenerational plasticity (TGP) …

Flexible or innovative behavior is advantageous, especially when animals are exposed to
frequent and unpredictable environmental perturbations. Improved cognitive abilities can …

Early life adversity can affect an individual's health, survival, and fertility for many years after
the adverse experience. Whether early life adversity also imposes intergenerational effects …

Understanding the ways in which individuals cope with threats, respond to challenges, make
use of opportunities and mediate the harmful effects of their surroundings is important for …

Prenatal maternal stress affects offspring phenotype in numerous species including humans,
but it is debated whether these effects are evolutionarily adaptive. Relating stress to adverse …