Abstract The High-Resolution Imaging Camera (HiRIC) is one major payload of China's first
Mars exploration mission, and its main objective is to obtain the detailed observation images …

Lacking plate tectonics and crustal recycling, the long-term evolution of the crust-mantle
system of Mars is driven by mantle convection, partial melting, and silicate differentiation …

The last decade of Mars exploration produced a series of discoveries that provide
compelling evidence for the existence of sedimentary rocks on Mars. Previously, Mars was …

Water ice in the Martian mid‐latitudes has advanced and retreated in response to variations
in the planet's orbit, obliquity, and climate. A 150 m‐diameter new impact crater near 35° N …

Although ice in the Martian midlatitudes is typically covered by a layer of dust or regolith, it is
exposed in some locations by fresh impact craters or in erosional scarps. In both cases, the …

The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on the Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter (MRO) acquired 8terapixels of data in 9137 images of Mars between October 2006 …

Decades of space exploration reveal that Mars has been reshaped by volcanism throughout
its history. The range of observed volcanic landforms shows that effusive and explosive …

Over the last 16 years, the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) onboard the Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter (MRO) has acquired a large body of surface observations at visible and thermal …

Hydrovolcanism is a common natural phenomenon on Earth and should be common on
Mars, too, since its surface shows widespread evidence for volcanism and near‐surface …

Observations of albedo on Mars suggest a largely invariant long-term mean surface dust
distribution, but also reveal variations on shorter (seasonal to annual) timescales …