Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various
biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain …

For centuries, humans have been fascinated by how migratory animals find their way over
thousands of kilometres. Here, I review the mechanisms used in animal orientation and …

Night-migratory songbirds are remarkably proficient navigators. Flying alone and often over
great distances, they use various directional cues including, crucially, a light-dependent …

Many animals use the Earth's geomagnetic field for orientation and navigation. Yet, the
molecular and cellular underpinnings of the magnetic sense remain largely unknown. A …

Birds can use two kinds of information from the geomagnetic field for navigation: the
direction of the field lines as a compass and probably magnetic intensity as a component of …

Birds seem to use a light-dependent, radical-pair-based magnetic compass. In vertebrates,
cryptochromes are the only class of proteins that form radical pairs upon photo-excitation …

Computational and biochemical studies implicate the blue-light sensor cryptochrome (CRY)
as an endogenous light-dependent magnetosensor enabling migratory birds to navigate …

Since the early twentieth century, research on vitamins has revealed their therapeutic
potential beyond their role as essential micronutrients. Riboflavin, known as vitamin B2 …

The biophysical mechanism of the magnetic compass sensor in migratory songbirds is
thought to involve photo-induced radical pairs formed in cryptochrome (Cry) flavoproteins …

The biophysical and molecular mechanisms that enable animals to detect magnetic fields
are unknown. It has been proposed that birds have a light-dependent magnetic compass …