Optogenetic modulation of brain neural activity that combines optical and electrical modes in
a unitary neural system has recently gained robust momentum. Controlling illumination …

The synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis asserts that activity-dependent synaptic
plasticity is induced at appropriate synapses during memory formation and is both …

We present a first-draft digital reconstruction of the microcircuitry of somatosensory cortex of
juvenile rat. The reconstruction uses cellular and synaptic organizing principles to …

Neuronal representations change as associations are learned between sensory stimuli and
behavioral actions. However, it is poorly understood whether representations for learned …

Neuroscience research has exploded, with more than fifty thousand neuroscientists applying
increasingly advanced methods. A mountain of new facts and mechanisms has emerged …

Perceptual decisions involve distributed cortical activity. Does information flow sequentially
from one cortical area to another, or do networks of interconnected areas contribute at the …

Advances in optical manipulation and observation of neural activity have set the stage for
widespread implementation of closed-loop and activity-guided optical control of neural …

A widely discussed hypothesis in neuroscience is that transiently active ensembles of
neurons, known as" cell assemblies," underlie numerous operations of the brain, from …

The mouse is an increasingly prominent model for the analysis of mammalian neuronal
circuits. Neural circuits ultimately have to be probed during behaviors that engage the …

A consortium of inhibitory neurons control the firing patterns of pyramidal cells, but their
specific roles in the behaving animal are largely unknown. We performed simultaneous …