Continental Portugal and its two archipelagos (Azores Islands and Madeira Islands) present
a very interesting and diverse seaweed community. Its great diversity results for example …

Global wave hindcasts provide wave climate information for long time periods which helps to
improve our understanding of climate variability, long term trends and extremes. This …

Coastal communities throughout the world are exposed to numerous and increasing threats,
such as coastal flooding and erosion, saltwater intrusion and wetland degradation. Here, we …

Abstract The Water Framework Directive requires that European Union (EU) Member States
ensure that their surface waters are in at least good ecological status by 2015 or at the latest …

As the world's population grows to a projected 11.2 billion by 2100, the number of people
living in low-lying areas exposed to coastal hazards is projected to increase. Critical …

Extractive activities in the ocean are expanding into the vast, poorly studied deep sea, with
the consequence that environmental management decisions must be made for data-poor …

An index CCO (cover, characteristic species, opportunistic species) has been developed for
the implementation of the European Water Framework Directory (WFD) in coastal waters …

Interactions between water flow and aquatic vegetation strongly depend on morphological
and biomechanical characteristics of vegetation. Although any physical or numerical model …

Aim Global warming is affecting the distribution of species worldwide, but the level of
adaptation of edge populations to warmer temperatures remains an open question. Here …

Macroalgae are unavoidable biological elements when monitoring and assessing costal
environments. However, these tasks can be difficult to address because macroalgae a) …