Nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic gaseous molecule, which plays different roles in different
strata of organisms. Discovered as a neurotransmitter in animals, NO has now gained a …

Salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) are key signaling molecules required to activate the
plant's innate immunity against abiotic stresses and biotrophic attackers. Stress-induced …

The natural environment of plants comprises a complex set of various abiotic stresses and
their capability to react and survive under this anticipated changing climate is highly flexible …

Plant cells respond to stress by activating signaling and regulatory networks that include
plant hormones and numerous mediators of non-hormonal nature. These include the …

Nitric oxide (NO) as an important secondary messager plays crucial roles in modulating
stomatal movement, especially abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. Accumulating …

Jasmonates (JAs) together with jasmonic acid and its offshoots are lipid-derived
endogenous hormones that play key roles in both developmental processes and different …

Andrographis paniculata has been widely used as a medicinal herb due to its enriched total
andrographolide contents. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a natural plant signal-transducer …

As a multifunctional phytohormone, melatonin (Mel) plays pivotal roles in plant responses to
multiple stresses. However, its mechanism of action remains elusive. In the present study …

Polyamines (PA) are aliphatic amines found in all cells, including plant cells. Putrescine,
spermidine, and spermine are the most common PA in higher plants. PA are localized in cell …

Considerable progress has been achieved in our understanding of the complexities of ROS
and NO interactions over the last decade. Accumulating literature evidences demonstrates …