Green water—terrestrial precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture—is fundamental to
Earth system dynamics and is now extensively perturbed by human pressures at continental …

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized
world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding …

The stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably
linked,–, yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they …

Climate tip** points occur when change in a part of the climate system becomes self-
perpetuating beyond a warming threshold, leading to substantial Earth system impacts …

Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for
climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic climate …

Our study evaluated the effectiveness of using eight pathways in combination for a complete
to transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy by 2050. These pathways included …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Previous research has shown that no country currently meets the basic needs of its residents
at a level of resource use that could be sustainably extended to all people globally. Using …

Current policies and actions make it very likely, at least temporarily, to overshoot the Paris
climate targets of 1.5–< 2.0° C above pre-industrial levels. If this global warming range is …