Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial
evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although HGT can …

Advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled the widespread measurement of
microbiome composition across systems and over the course of microbiome assembly …

The human vaginal microbiota is a critical determinant of vaginal health. These communities
live in close association with the vaginal epithelium and rely on host tissues for resources …

Efforts to model the human gut microbiome in mice have led to important insights into the
mechanisms of host-microbe interactions. However, the model communities studied to date …

The microbiome shapes many host traits, yet the biology of microbiomes challenges
traditional evolutionary models. Here, we illustrate how integrating the microbiome into …

Gut bacteria play an important role in the digestion of food, immune activation, and
regulation of entero-endocrine signaling pathways, but also communicate with the central …

Coexisting microbial cells of the same species often exhibit genetic variation that can affect
phenotypes ranging from nutrient preference to pathogenicity. Here we present inStrain, a …

The human gut is inhabited by trillions of microorganisms composing a dynamic ecosystem
implicated in health and disease. The composition of the gut microbiota is unique to each …

Industrialization has impacted the human gut ecosystem, resulting in altered microbiome
composition and diversity. Whether bacterial genomes may also adapt to the …

Many species, including humans, host communities of symbiotic microbes. There is a vast
literature on the ways these microbiomes affect hosts, but here we argue for an increased …