The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence-based.
Unlike other ACC/AHA practice guidelines, there is not a large body of peer-reviewed …

Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital disorder in newborns. Advances in
cardiovascular medicine and surgery have enabled most patients to reach adulthood …

Pulmonary hypertension is associated with diverse cardiac, pulmonary, and systemic
diseases in neonates, infants, and older children and contributes to significant morbidity and …

The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines has been published
for personal and educational use only. No commercial use is authorized. No part of the ESC …

Trusted by generations of cardiologists for the latest, most reliable guidance in the field,
Braunwald's Heart Disease, 11th Edition, remains your# 1 source of information on rapidly …

Over the past 20 to 30 years, major advances have been made in the diagnosis and
treatment of congenital heart disease in children. As a result, many children with such …

Background—Eisenmenger syndrome is characterized by the development of pulmonary
arterial hypertension with consequent intracardiac right-to-left shunt and hypoxemia in …

Level of Evidence A Data derived from multiple randomised clinical trials or meta-analyses
Level of Evidence B Data derived from a single randomised clinical trial or large non …

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with congenital heart
disease is usually the result of a large systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, and often leads to right …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension of variable degree is commonly associated with adult
congenital heart disease. Depending on size and location of the underlying cardiac defect …