One of the most remarkable features of the human brain is its ability to adapt rapidly and
efficiently to external task demands. Novel and non-routine tasks, for example, are …

Highlights•Review of recent research on the basal ganglia in habit learning.•Habit
representations involve both striatum and cortex.•Direct and indirect pathways both support …

Although high level visual cortex projects to a specific region of the striatum, the tail of the
caudate, and participates in corticostriatal loops, the function of this visual corticostriatal …

This study investigates the functional neuroanatomy of harmonic music perception with fMRI.
We presented short pieces of Western classical music to nonmusicians. The ending of each …

Effective generalization in a multiple-category situation involves both assessing potential
membership in individual categories and resolving conflict between categories while …

Through its connections with widespread cortical areas and with dopaminergic midbrain
areas, the basal ganglia are well situated to integrate patterns of cortical input with the …

Acute stress is associated with a shift from goal-directed to habitual behavior. This stress-
induced preference for habitual behavior has been suggested as a potential mechanism by …

Meta-learning enables us to learn how to learn the same or similar tasks more efficiently.
Decision-making literature theorizes that a prefrontal network, including the orbitofrontal and …

Background: Acute stress is thought to reduce goal-directed behaviour, an effect purportedly
associated with stress-induced release of catecholamines. In contrast, experimentally …

Humans are able to categorize things they encounter in the world (eg, a cat) by integrating
multisensory information from the auditory and visual modalities with ease and speed …