Cell-free systems offer a promising approach to engineer biology since their open nature
allows for well-controlled and characterized reaction conditions. In this review, we discuss …

Recent developments in synthetic biology may bring the bottom-up generation of a synthetic
cell within reach. A key feature of a living synthetic cell is a functional cell cycle, in which …

Replication of DNA-encoded information and its conversion into functional proteins are
universal properties of life. In an effort toward the construction of a synthetic minimal cell, we …

Construction of living artificial cells from genes and molecules can expand our
understanding of life system and establish a new aspect of bioengineering. However, growth …

Cell-free protein synthesis is becoming a useful technique for synthetic biology. As more
applications are developed, the demand for novel and more powerful in vitro expression …

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) technologies have enabled inexpensive and rapid
recombinant protein expression. Numerous highly active CFPS platforms are now available …

Metabolic engineering of microorganisms to produce sustainable chemicals has emerged
as an important part of the global bioeconomy. Unfortunately, efforts to design and engineer …

Cell-free gene expression systems are biotechnological tools for the in vitro production of
proteins of interest. The addition of membrane vesicles (liposomes) enables the production …

Living cells maintain a steady state of biochemical reaction rates by exchanging energy and
matter with the environment. These exchanges usually do not occur in in vitro systems …

The generation of a chemical system capable of replication and evolution is a key objective
of synthetic biology. This could be achieved by in vitro reconstitution of a minimal self …