Cell death with morphological and molecular features of apoptosis has been detected in
osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, which suggests a key role for chondrocyte death/survival in the …

The family of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) transcription factors is intimately involved in the
regulation of expression of numerous genes in the setting of the inflammatory response …

The air that we breathe contains nearly 21% oxygen, most of which is utilized by
mitochondria during respiration. While we cannot live without it, it was perceived as a bane …

Intrinsic or acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a common phenomenon and
a major challenge in the treatment of cancer patients. Chemoresistance is defined by a …

During their lifetime, cells encounter many life or death situations that challenge their very
own existence. Their survival depends on the interplay within a complex yet precisely …

The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) transcription factors have emerged as major regulators
of programmed cell death (PCD) whether via apoptosis or necrosis. In this context, NF-κB's …

Nitric oxide (NO) is known for its diverse activities throughout biology. Among signaling
qualities, NO affects cellular decisions of life and death either by turning on apoptotic …

Cell division cycle 25 A (Cdc25A), a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, is one of the most
crucial cell cycle regulators, which removes the inhibitory phosphorylation in cyclin …

The p53 tumor suppressor protein exerts its growth inhibitory activity by activating and
interacting with diverse signaling pathways. As a downstream target, p53 protein is …

† Division of Arthritis Research, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA‡ Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Scripps …