Genetic variant calling from DNA sequencing has enabled understanding of germline
variation in hundreds of thousands of humans. Sequencing technologies and variant-calling …

The human reference genome is the most widely used resource in human genetics and is
due for a major update. Its current structure is a linear composite of merged haplotypes from …

Abstract Here the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium presents a first draft of the
human pangenome reference. The pangenome contains 47 phased, diploid assemblies …

The human Y chromosome has been notoriously difficult to sequence and assemble
because of its complex repeat structure that includes long palindromes, tandem repeats and …

Abstract The Telomere-to-Telomere consortium recently assembled the first truly complete
sequence of a human genome. To resolve the most complex repeats, this project relied on …

Microchromosomes are prevalent in nonmammalian vertebrates [PD Waters et al., Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 118 (2021)], but a few of them are missing in bird genome assemblies …

Long-read sequencing technologies substantially overcome the limitations of short-reads
but have not been considered as a feasible replacement for population-scale projects, being …

Since the release of the complete human genome, the priority of human genomic study has
now been shifting towards closing gaps in ethnic diversity. Here, we present a fully phased …

Long-read sequencing (LRS) technologies have provided extremely powerful tools to
explore genomes. While in the early years these methods suffered technical limitations, they …

Human genomics is witnessing an ongoing paradigm shift from a single reference sequence
to a pangenome form, but populations of Asian ancestry are underrepresented. Here we …