Ancient duplication events and a high rate of retention of extant pairs of duplicate genes
have contributed to an abundance of duplicate genes in plant genomes. These duplicates …

Many models of evolution calculate the rate of evolution by multiplying the rate at which new
mutations originate within a population by a probability of fixation. Here we review the …

Evolution of gene regulation is crucial for our understanding of the phenotypic differences
between species, populations and individuals. Sequence-specific binding of transcription …

Regulation of eukaryotic gene transcription is often combinatorial in nature, with multiple
transcription factors (TFs) regulating common target genes, often through direct or indirect …

Gene expression levels are important quantitative traits that link genotypes to molecular
functions and fitness. In Drosophila, population-genetic studies have revealed substantial …

The organization of binding sites in cis-regulatory elements (CREs) can influence gene
expression through a combination of physical mechanisms, ranging from direct interactions …

Pseudogenes (Ψs), nonfunctional relatives of functional genes, form by duplication or
retrotransposition, and loss of gene function by disabling mutations. Evolutionary analysis …

A central challenge in evolutionary biology concerns the mechanisms by which complex
adaptations arise. Such adaptations depend on the fixation of multiple, highly specific …

The insertion of DNA into a genome can result in the duplication and dispersal of functional
sequences through the genome. In addition, a deeper understanding of insertion …

Enhancers regulate precise spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression in eukaryotes
and, moreover, evolutionary changes in these modular cis-regulatory elements may …