Quantum computing (QC) has already entered the industrial landscape and several
multinational corporations have initiated their own research efforts. So far, many of these …

This letter reports a temperature-dependent limit for the subthreshold swing in MOSFETs
that deviates from the Boltzmann limit at deep-cryogenic temperatures. Below a critical …

In the standard MOSFET description of the drain current as a function of applied gate
voltage, the subthreshold swing has a fundamental lower limit as a function of temperature …

This article presents a family of sub-1-V, fully-CMOS voltage references adopting MOS
devices in weak inversion to achieve continuous operation from room temperature (RT) …

Quantum computers can potentially provide an unprecedented speed-up with respect to
traditional computers. However, a significant increase in the number of quantum bits (qubits) …

Operating circuits under cryogenic conditions is effective for a large spectrum of
applications. However, the refrigeration requirement for the cooling of cryogenic systems …

CMOS circuits operating at cryogenic temperature (cryo-CMOS) are required in several low-
temperature applications. A compelling example is the electronic interface for quantum …

This brief reports the analytical modeling and measurements of the inflection in the MOSFET
transfer characteristics at cryogenic temperatures. Inflection is the inward bending of the …

Future universal quantum computers solving problems of practical relevance are expected
to require at least 10 6 qubits, which is a massive scale-up from the present numbers of less …

This brief presents a brief overview of cryogenic CMOS circuits for large-scale quantum
computing, especially the cryogenic RF circuits from the functional blocks to system-level …