The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a central component of the brain's reward circuitry, has been
implicated in a wide range of behaviors and emotional states. Emerging evidence, primarily …

The twenty-first century has brought forth a deluge of theories and data shedding light on the
neural mechanisms of motivated behavior. Much of this progress has focused on …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key brain region for motivated behaviors, yet how distinct
neuronal populations encode appetitive or aversive stimuli remains undetermined. Using …

The auditory striatum, a sensory portion of the dorsal striatum, plays an essential role in
learning and memory. In contrast to its roles and underlying mechanisms in operant …

Clinically, chronic pain and depression often coexist in multiple diseases and reciprocally
reinforce each other, which greatly escalates the difficulty of treatment. The neural circuit …

Learning is a complex process, during which our opinions and decisions are easily changed
due to unexpected information. But the neural mechanism underlying revision and …

Functions associated with processing reward‐related information are fundamental drivers of
motivation, learning, and goal‐directed behavior. Such functions have been classified as the …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been considered a key brain region for encoding
reward/aversion and cue–outcome associations. These processes are encoded by medium …

Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) composed of α4, β, and δ subunits mediate
GABAergic tonic inhibition and are potential molecular targets in the modulation of …

Significance The initiation of goal-directed actions is a complex process involving the medial
prefrontal cortex and dopaminergic inputs through the mesocortical pathway. However, it is …