Plant genomes encode various small RNAs that function in distinct, yet overlap**, genetic
and epigenetic silencing pathways. However, the abundance and diversity of small-RNA …

Plant cells accumulate small RNA molecules that regulate plant development, genome
stability, and environmental responses. These small RNAs fall into three major classes …

Since the discovery of eukaryotic small RNAs as the main effectors of RNA interference in
the late 1990s, diverse types of endogenous small RNAs have been characterized, most …

A large and significant portion of eukaryotic transcriptomes consists of noncoding RNAs
(ncRNAs) that have minimal or no protein-coding capacity but are functional. Diverse …

Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) are small non‐coding RNA s, of typically 20–24 nt, that regulate
gene expression post‐transcriptionally through sequence complementarity. Since the …

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves double fertilization, the union of two sperm
from pollen with two sex cells in the female embryo sac. Modern plant breeders increasingly …

CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful genome editing tool in many organisms, including a number of
monocots and dicots. Although the design and application of CRISPR/Cas9 is simpler …

Highlights•Plant lncRNAs participate in regulation of transcription, splicing, and nuclear
structure.•In flowering, multiple lncRNAs act in silencing of FLC via diverse …

INTRODUCTION Epigenetic modifications to chromatin, such as the methylation of DNA
cytosines, carry regulatory information across the generations in plants and animals …

DNA methylation, also known as 5-methylcytosine, is an epigenetic modification that has
crucial functions in plant growth, development and adaptation. The cellular DNA methylation …