Although most congenital heart defects (CHDs) are asymptomatic at birth, certain CHD
lesions are at significant risk of severe hemodynamic instability and death if emergent …

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common congenital anomaly, and the majority
can be diagnosed during prenatal life. Prenatal detection rates remain highly variable, as …

The most frequently asked questions that confront the fetal medicine trainee/expert on a
daily basis are “Is the finding real or merely an artifact?” and “Is the diagnosis correct?” …

Background Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of perinatal, neonatal and infant
mortality in developed countries. Large long-term follow-up studies investigating survival …

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare cyanotic congenital heart
disease that accounts for less than 1% of all congenital heart diseases. TAPVC is …

Background Prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC)
is challenging, and little is known about how it affects brain development. Purpose To …

Background Obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a form of
critical congenital heart disease that usually requires urgent postnatal intervention. Knowing …

Background Mortality after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) in
neonates has remained high. Analysis of risk factors may help identify therapeutic targets to …

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is a key therapy in the management of patients with
severe cardiac disease or respiratory failure. There are two major forms of MCS commonly …

Fetal echocardiography is an excellent tool for accurately assessing the anatomy and
physiology of most congenital heart defects (CHDs). Knowledge gathered from a thorough …