The Mars 2020 mission will seek the signs of ancient life on Mars and will identify, prepare,
document, and cache a set of samples for possible return to Earth by a follow-on mission …

Economic and technical problems related to the reduction of petroleum resources require
the valorisation of renewable raw material. Recently, microalgae emerged as promising …

Fossilized lipids preserved in sedimentary rocks offer singular insights into the Earth's
palaeobiology. These 'biomarkers' encode information pertaining to the oxygenation of the …

As the search for Earth-like exoplanets gathers pace, in order to understand them, we need
comprehensive theories for how planetary atmospheres form and evolve. Written by two well …

Over the past thirty years, a new systemic conception of life has emerged at the forefront of
science. New emphasis has been given to complexity, networks, and patterns of …

Earth has been habitable for 4.3 billion years, and the earliest rock record indicates the
presence of a microbial biosphere by at least 3.4 billion years ago—and disputably earlier …

Aquatic Photosynthesis is a comprehensive guide to understanding the evolution and
ecology of photosynthesis in aquatic environments. This second edition, thoroughly revised …

Microbial mats are ecosystems that arguably greatly affected the conditions of the biosphere
on Earth through geological time. These laminated organosedimentary systems, which date …

Energy conversion of sunlight by photosynthetic organisms has changed Earth and life on it.
Photosynthesis arose early in Earth's history, and the earliest forms of photosynthetic life …

Abstract The Archean era (4 to 2.5 billion years ago, Ga) yielded rocks that include the
oldest conclusive traces of life as well as many controversial occurrences. Carbonaceous …