Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are highly versatile signalling molecules that control various
important biological processes in bacteria. The best-studied example is cyclic di-GMP (c-di …

The striking multiplicity, signal input diversity, and output specificity of c-di-GMP signaling
proteins in many bacteria has brought second messenger signaling back onto the agenda of …

Jumbo phages have attracted much attention by virtue of their extraordinary genome size
and unusual aspects of biology. By performing a comparative genomics analysis of 224 …

Streptomyces are our primary source of antibiotics, produced concomitantly with the
transition from vegetative growth to sporulation in a complex developmental life cycle. We …

Rod-shaped Myxococcus xanthus cells are polarized with proteins asymmetrically localizing
to specific positions. This spatial organization is important for regulation of motility and cell …

Nucleotide second messengers act as intracellular 'secondary'signals that represent
environmental or cellular cues, ie the 'primary'signals. As such, they are linking sensory …

Cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) has emerged as a key regulatory player in the transition
between planktonic and sedentary biofilm-associated bacterial lifestyles. It controls a …

The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus undergoes multicellular development when starved.
Thousands of cells build mounds in which some differentiate into spores. This remarkable …

Myxococcus xanthus arranges into two morphologically distinct biofilms depending on its
nutritional status, ie, coordinately spreading colonies in the presence of nutrients and spore …

The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus exhibits a complex multicellular life cycle. In the
presence of nutrients, cells prey cooperatively. Upon starvation, they enter a developmental …