The optimism of the early period of antimicrobial discovery has been tempered by the
emergence of bacterial strains with resistance to these therapeutics. Today, clinically …

An inevitable side effect of the use of antibiotics is the emergence and dissemination of
resistant bacteria. Most retrospective and prospective studies show that after the introduction …

The discovery and introduction of antimicrobial agents to clinical medicine was one of the
greatest medical triumphs of the 20th century that revolutionized the treatment of bacterial …

A variety of foods and environmental sources harbor bacteria that are resistant to one or
more antimicrobial drugs used in medicine and agriculture. Antibiotic resistance in …

In 1987 we reviewed the literature on the concept of colonization resistance (CR)(12). In this
concept, the indige-nous anaerobic flora limits the concentration of potentially pathogenic …

The intense use and misuse of antibiotics are undoubtedly the major forces associated with
the high numbers of resistant pathogenic and commensal bacteria worldwide. Both the …

Bacteria have evolved multiple mechanisms for the efficient evolution and spread of
antimicrobial resistance. Modern food production facilitates the emergence and spread of …

Most human extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections, including those involving
antimicrobial resistant strains, are caused by the members of a limited number of distinctive …

Background. The worldwide prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–
producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing rapidly both in hospitals and in the community …

The use of antimicrobials in food animals creates an important source of antimicrobial-
resistant bacteria that can spread to humans through the food supply. Improved …