Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) products are widely used for therapeutic and aesthetic
indications, but there is a need for longer-lasting treatments that maintain symptom relief …

Introduction: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a potent biological toxin and powerful
therapeutic tool for a growing number of clinical orofacial applications. BoNT relaxes striated …

Abstract Background Botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) has grown tremendously in aesthetic
dermatology since 2002 when the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first …

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an anaerobic rod-shaped-neurotoxin produced by Clostridium
botulinum, that has both therapeutic and lethal applications. BoNT injection is the most …

Background: Combination of fillers and botulinum toxin for aesthetic applications is
increasingly popular. Patient demographics continue to diversify, and include an expanding …

Abstract Background Currently, botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections are the most commonly
performed non-invasive procedure for rejuvenation on the upper face. The therapeutic use …

The increase in the use of filler treatments within minimally invasive cosmetic surgery has
correspondingly escalated the variety and frequency of associated side effects. Initially …

Background Polydioxanone (PDO) sutures have been widely used to tighten and lift the
face. However, why the complexion brightens and skin elasticity is maintained with a smaller …

Objective. This review aims to summarize different kinds of applications of minimally
invasive surgery in improving facial aging to provide a comprehensive and accurate …

Facial aesthetic treatment with injectable neuromodulators and hyaluronic acid fillers is well
established, with favourable safety profiles and consistent outcomes. As with any medical …