Free-electron lasers produce extremely brief, coherent, and bright laser-like photon pulses
that allow to image matter at atomic resolution and at timescales faster than the …

This review is devoted to the study of ultrafast laser ablation of solids and liquids. The
ablation of condensed matter under exposure to subpicosecond laser pulses has a number …

When an ultrashort laser pulse irradiates a metal, energy is absorbed by the electron system
which is driven out of thermal equilibrium on a femtosecond time scale. Due to electron …

Recently, few-femtosecond pulses have become available at hard X-ray free-electron lasers.
Coupled with the available sub-10 fs optical pulses, investigations into few-femtosecond …

The advent of femtosecond lasers has shed new light on non-equilibrium high energy
density physics. The ultrafast energy absorption by electrons and the finite rate of their …

Exploring and understanding ultrafast processes at the atomic level is a scientific challenge.
Femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) arises as an essential experimental …

Silicon irradiated with an ultrashort 800 nm-laser pulse is studied theoretically using a two
temperature description that considers the transient free carrier density during and after …

The pulse duration, and, more generally, the temporal intensity profile of free-electron laser
(FEL) pulses, is of utmost importance for exploring the new perspectives offered by FELs; it …

Based on high quality surgery and scientific data, scientists and surgeons are committed to
protecting patients as well as healthcare staff and hereby provide this Guidance to address …

Since a few breakthroughs in the fundamental understanding of the effects of swift heavy
ions (SHIs) decelerating in the electronic stop** regime in the matter have been achieved …