The biological pump transports organic matter, created by phytoplankton productivity in the
well-lit surface ocean, to the ocean's dark interior, where it is consumed by animals and …

The ocean's ability to sequester carbon away from the atmosphere exerts an important
control on global climate. The biological pump drives carbon storage in the deep ocean and …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

This study introduces CNRM‐ESM2‐1, the Earth system (ES) model of second generation
developed by CNRM‐CERFACS for the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison …

Understanding the nature of organic matter flux in the ocean remains a major goal of
oceanography because it impacts some of the most important processes in the ocean …

The transfer of photosynthetically produced organic carbon from surface to mesopelagic
waters draws carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, current observation-based …

This work presents two new methods to estimate oceanic alkalinity (AT), dissolved inorganic
carbon (CT), pH, and p CO2 from temperature, salinity, oxygen, and geolocation …

The ocean contains about 40 times more carbon than the atmosphere, storing 38,000 Pg C
as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) versus 900 Pg C as carbon dioxide (CO2) in the …

Ocean ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth's carbon cycle and the quantification of
their impacts for both present conditions and for predictions into the future remains one of …

The element carbon plays a central role in climate and life on Earth. It is capable of moving
among the geosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. This flow of …