The human neural tube defects (NTD), anencephaly, spina bifida and craniorachischisis,
originate from a failure of the embryonic neural tube to close. Human NTD are relatively …

The Rho-ROCK signaling network has a range of specialized functions of key biological
importance, including control of essential developmental processes such as morphogenesis …

Neural tube (NT) formation in the spinal region of the mammalian embryo involves a wave of
“zippering” that passes down the elongating spinal axis, uniting the neural fold tips in the …

Encephalocele is a clinically important birth defect that can lead to severe disability in
childhood and beyond. The embryonic and early fetal pathogenesis of encephalocele is …

Abstract Background The Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved in metazoans and
regulates a large array of cellular processes including motility, polarity and fate …

In recent years, the development and implementation of animal-free approaches to chemical
and pharmaceutical hazard and risk assessment has taken off. Alternative approaches are …

Failure of neural tube closure in the early embryo causes neural tube defects including
spina bifida. Spina bifida lesions predominate in the distal spine, particularly after exposure …

Neurulation transforms the neuroectoderm into the neural tube. This transformation relies on
reorganising the configurational relationships between the orientations of intrinsic polarities …

Spinal dysraphic lesions due to focal nondisjunction in primary neurulation are commonly
encountered in paediatric neurosurgery, but the “fog-of-war” on these conditions was only …

Myelomeningocele (MMC) affects one in 1000 newborns annually worldwide and each
surviving child faces tremendous lifetime medical and caregiving burdens. Both genetic and …