Background Financial toxicity has traditionally been attributed to the rising costs of cancer
care. As ability to work impacts one's financial situation, limited employment and reduced …

The paper surveys the economics literature on equity in health care financing and delivery.
The focus is, for the most part, on empirical work, especially that involving international and …

This paper presents and compares two threshold approaches to measuring the fairness of
health care payments, one requiring that payments do not exceed a pre‐specified proportion …

Social indicators are an important tool for evaluating a country's level of social development
and for assessing the impact of policy. Such indicators are already in use in investigating …

Poverty and ill-health are intertwined. Poor countries tend to have worse health outcomes
than better-off countries. Within countries, poor people have worse health outcomes than …

This paper presents new international comparative evidence on the factors driving
inequalities in the use of GP and specialist services in 12 EU member states. The data are …

This paper presents a comparison of horizontal equity in health care utilization in 10
European countries and the US. It does not only extend previous work by using more recent …

Inequalities in health and health care are caused by different factors. Measuring “unfair”
inequalities implies that a distinction is introduced between causal variables leading to …

This paper compares two indices of horizontal inequity in the delivery of health care, the
index proposed by Wagstaff, van Doorslaer, and Paci (1991), and another index derived in …

This paper presents the results of a ten-country comparative study of health care financing
systems and their progressivity characteristics. It distinguishes between the tax-financed …