Cytokines play a critical role in regulating host immune response toward cancer and
determining the overall fate of tumorigenesis. The tumor microenvironment is dominated …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling shows important roles in both physiology
and pathology, especially in the progression of inflammatory diseases including cancer …

Background Natural killer (NK) cells provide important immune protection from cancer and
are a key requirement for particular immunotherapies. There is accumulating evidence that …

Natural killer (NK) cells, initially identified for their rapid virus-infected and leukemia cell
killing and tumor destruction, are pivotal in immunity. They exhibit multifaceted roles in …

Background and aims HBV infection represents a major health problem worldwide, but the
immunological mechanisms by which HBV causes chronic persistent infection remain only …

HLA-G is a HLA class Ib antigen that possesses immunomodulatory properties. HLA-G-
expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells with …

Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical human major histocompatibility
complex (MHC-I) molecule with the membrane-bound and soluble types. HLA-G is primarily …

After recognition, NK cells can kill susceptible target cells through perforin-dependent
mechanisms or by inducing death receptor-mediated apoptosis, and they can also secrete …

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a nonclassical MHC Class I molecule, which was
initially reported as a mediator of immune tolerance when expressed in extravillous …

A major contributing factor in triple-negative breast cancer progression is its ability to evade
immune surveillance. One mechanism for this immunosuppression is through ribosomal …