At Gale crater, Mars, ChemCam acquired its first laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
(LIBS) target on Sol 13 of the landed portion of the mission (a Sol is a Mars day). Up to Sol …

Early Mars climate research has well-defined goals (MEPAG 2018). Achieving these goals
requires geologists and climate modelers to coordinate. Coordination is easier if results are …

Decades of speculation about a warmer, wetter Mars climate in the planet's first billion years
postulate a denser CO2-rich atmosphere than at present. Such an atmosphere should have …

The Raman spectra of a large number of natural feldspar-group minerals were obtained to
determine what compositional and structural information can be inferred solely from their …

The chemical composition of rocks and soils on Mars analyzed during the Mars Exploration
Rover Spirit Mission was determined by X‐ray analyses with the Alpha Particle X‐Ray …

Abstract Early Mars (> 3 Ga) underwent aqueous alteration as evidenced by
fluvial/lacustrine morphologies and the recent discovery of widespread hydrous clays …

The Mössbauer spectrometer on Spirit measured the oxidation state of Fe, identified Fe‐
bearing phases, and measured relative abundances of Fe among those phases for surface …

Opportunity has investigated in detail rocks on the rim of the Noachian age Endeavour
crater, where orbital spectral reflectance signatures indicate the presence of Fe+ 3-rich …

The presence of outcrops and soil (regolith) rich in opaline silica (∼ 65–92 wt% SiO2) in
association with volcanic materials adjacent to the “Home Plate” feature in Gusev crater is …

Several recent studies have revealed that Mars is not a simple basalt-covered planet, but
has a more complex geological history. In Gale crater on Mars, the Curiosity rover …