The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Depression represents the number one cause of disability worldwide and is often fatal.
Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It is …

Over the past two decades, compelling evidence has emerged indicating that immune
mechanisms can contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and …

Early-life inflammation increases the risk for depression in later life. Here, we demonstrate
how early-life inflammation causes adolescent depressive-like symptoms: by altering the …

Depression is a common and serious disorder, characterized by symptoms like anhedonia,
lack of energy, sad mood, low appetite, and sleep disturbances. This disease is very …

Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome impacts brain development and
function. Gut–brain connections may be mediated by an assortment of microbial molecules …

Bipolar disorders (BD) represent a severe leading disabling mental condition worldwide
characterized by episodic and often progressive mood fluctuations with manic and …

Major depression is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. This situation is
mainly related to the chronicity and/or recurrence of the disorder, and to poor response to …

Because of the compartmentalization of disciplines that shaped the academic landscape of
biology and biomedical sciences in the past, physiological systems have long been studied …

Depression is one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders affecting people of all ages
worldwide. Despite significant heterogeneity between studies, increased inflammation and …