While recent developments in electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer
interfaces (BCIs) have enabled a bridge between the brain and external devices with …

Objective To evaluate the literature on the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-and
augmented reality (AR)-based treatments for phantom limb pain (PLP) in postamputation or …

Background and purpose The intestinal microbiome plays a primary role in the
pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and may provide an opportunity for disease …

Introduction Amputations result from trauma, war, conflict, vascular diseases and cancer.
Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a potentially debilitating form of chronic pain affecting around …

Pain is estimated to affect more than 20% of the global population, imposing incalculable
health and economic burdens. Effective pain management is crucial for individuals suffering …

Phantom limb pain is attributed to abnormal sensorimotor cortical representations. Various
feedback treatments have been applied to induce the reorganization of the sensorimotor …

Objective. The coupling between the beta (13–30 Hz) phase and low gamma (50–100 Hz)
amplitude in the motor cortex is thought to regulate motor performance. Abnormal phase …

Advances in intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) and neurophysiology have
enabled the study of previously inaccessible brain regions with high fidelity temporal and …

Abstract Phantom Limb Syndrome (PLS) can be defined as the disabling or painful
sensation of the presence of a body part that is no longer present after its amputation …

Phantom limb pain is attributed to abnormal sensorimotor cortical representations, although
the causal relationship between phantom limb pain and sensorimotor cortical …